바둑 — 규칙

Go

Go is a game for two players on a ruled board: the players take turns placing stones of their colour on the intersections of the lines and try to surround more territory than the opponent. Black moves first.

The board

Boards are 19×19, 13×13 and 9×9 lines; the size is set by the room. Stones are placed on the intersections (points), not in the squares. A stone, once placed, never moves — it can only be removed if the opponent captures it.

Liberties and capture

Stones of one colour that are adjacent along a line form a group. The empty points next to a group are its liberties. If the opponent's move fills the last liberty of a group, the whole group is removed from the board — these are prisoners.

Suicide is forbidden: a stone may not be placed so that its group has no liberties left, unless this move removes at least one of the opponent's groups.

Ko and repetition

The ko rule forbids immediately recapturing a single stone that has just captured one of your stones: you must first play elsewhere. The rest depends on the rules of the game:

• Japanese — if a position on the board still repeats (a long cycle), the game ends with no result;
• Chinese — any move after which the position on the board repeats one of the earlier ones is forbidden (superko).

End of the game

Instead of a move, a player may pass. After two passes in a row, counting begins. The arbiter program marks dead stones and seki, and the players see the marking on the board. Clicking a stone marks its group as dead or alive; when both players have pressed “Accept”, the game is scored. Either player may press “Resume play” — the marks are then cleared and the game continues.

Counting is given 3 minutes. If the players have not agreed in that time, the game is scored by the arbiter's marking; if the arbiter did not respond, the game ends with no result.

A game can also be resigned; running out of time is a loss.

Japanese and Chinese rules

The rules are chosen when challenging to a game — from those the room allows.

• Japanese: a point for each point of your territory and for each of the opponent's stones taken prisoner, including those removed as dead during counting. Territory in seki does not count. Komi for White is 6.5 points.
• Chinese: a point for each of your stones on the board and for each point of your territory; prisoners do not count. Komi is 7.5 points.

A room may set its own komi. A half point in the komi rules out a draw.

Handicap

The weaker player may be given a handicap: they play Black, their handicap stones are placed automatically on the traditional points, and White moves first. The limit is 9 stones on a 19×19 board, 5 on 13×13 and 4 on 9×9. With a handicap, komi is 0.5 points for White. The handicap is chosen manually (from 2 stones) or “By rating” — one stone for each step of rating difference.

A game can also start from a ready-made position from the room's library; a game with a custom setup is played without rating.

Source and interpretation

The Japanese rules follow the Go rules of the Japan Go Association (Nihon Ki-in, 1989), the Chinese rules follow the rules of the Chinese Weiqi Association; in Russia, the Rules of the sport of go apply (order of the Russian Ministry of Sport No. 815 of 05.11.2020, amended by orders No. 451 of 31.05.2022 and No. 866 of 14.09.2026). Under the Ministry of Sport rules, komi is set by the competition regulations, they say nothing about repeated positions beyond the ko rule, and a dispute over dead stones is decided by a referee. Here komi is 6.5 under the Japanese and 7.5 under the Chinese rules, repetitions are resolved as described above, and the referee is replaced by the arbiter program: the players can change or accept its marking, and it decides on its own only without the players' agreement. Handicap stones are placed on the traditional points under the Chinese rules too, where the code allows placing them freely.